A brief search of the medical literature found an article published in 2015 by researchers in Texas, South Carolina and Nebraska on the newest sweetener on the market, called stevia. Marketed under the brand name Truvia, stevia is obtained from the plant Stevia rebaudiana, stevia is touted for its all-natural, low-calorie characteristics. In fact, Coca-Cola and Pepsi released products in 2014 incorporating a sugar and stevia mixture (replacing high-fructose corn syrup), into the colas. Since stevia is found in many foods and drinks, the safety of this natural sweetener has been questioned, especially its potential to cause allergic reactions.
What Is Stevia?
Stevia rebaudiana is the plant from which stevia is obtained. This plant belongs to the Asteraceae family and is native to South America, where it has been used as a food and medicine for hundreds of years. Stevia is obtained from the leaves of the plant and is highly purified to produce the sweet, low-calorie all-natural sweetener used in various foods today.
Could Stevia Cause Allergic Reactions?
Many plants in the Asteraceae family are known to cause various types of allergic reactions, including respiratory allergy from pollen exposure, contact dermatitis from plant proteins, and food allergies from eating the plant products. Asteraceae plants known to cause allergic reactions include ragweed (pollen allergy), chrysanthemum (contact dermatitis) and sunflower seed (food allergy). Since stevia is related to many plants that are well known to cause allergic reactions, some experts recommend that people with allergies to related plants should not use stevia.
There is very little evidence, however, to support the notion that stevia causes allergic reactions in people with known allergies to Asteraceae plants. This is most likely due to the highly purified nature of most stevia products, such as Truvia. For most people, the highly purified forms of stevia don’t likely contain the allergens and antigens necessary to cause allergic reactions. On the other hand, crude extracts of the stevia plant leaves – especially those found in health food stores – have a higher chance of causing an allergic reaction in people allergic to Asteraceae plants.
Should I Avoid Foods Containing Stevia?
It isn’t clear if people with a history of allergy to Asteraceae plants are at increased risk for allergic reactions to highly purified stevia-containing foods. However, crude extracts of from the stevia plant, such as those found in dietary supplements or in health food stores, should probably be avoided by people with an allergy to Asteraceae plants.
